Back Fins-Permiese tale Afrikaans لغات فينية بيرمية Arabic Llingües fino-pérmiques AST Фіна-пермскія мовы Byelorussian Фіна-пермскія мовы BE-X-OLD Llengües fino-pèrmiques Catalan Finsko-permské jazyky Czech Finno-permische Sprachen German Finno-perma lingvaro Esperanto Lenguas fino-pérmicas Spanish

Finno-Permic languages

Finno-Permic
Finnic
(proposed)
EthnicityFinnic peoples
Geographic
distribution		Northern Fennoscandia, Baltic states, Southwestern, Southeastern, and Ural region of Russia
Linguistic classificationUralic
Subdivisions
GlottologNone
The Finno-Permic languages

The Finno-Permic or Finno-Permian languages, sometimes just Finnic or Fennic languages, are a proposed subdivision of the Uralic languages which comprise the Balto-Finnic languages, Sámi languages, Mordvinic languages, Mari language, Permic languages and likely a number of extinct languages. In the traditional taxonomy of the Uralic languages, Finno-Permic is estimated to have split from Finno-Ugric around 3000–2500 BC, and branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC.[1] Nowadays the validity of the group as a taxonomical entity is being questioned, and the interrelationships of its five branches are debated with little consensus.[2][3]

The term Finnic languages has often been used to designate all the Finno-Permic languages, with the term Balto-Finnic used to disambiguate the Finnic languages proper.[4][1] However, in many works, Finnic refers to the Baltic-Finnic languages alone.[5][6]

  1. ^ a b Taagepera, Rein (1999). The Finno-Ugric republics and the Russian state. Psychology Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN 0-415-91977-0.
  2. ^ Salminen, Tapani (2002). "Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies".
  3. ^ Aikio, Ante (2019). "Proto-Uralic". In Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena (eds.). Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–4.
  4. ^ "Finno-Ugric languages". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013.
  5. ^ Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena K., eds. (2022). The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-876766-4.
  6. ^ Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.

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